Hydrodynamic Modelling, Thermodynamic and Textural Variations during Common Beans Soaking

MR microscopy for noninvasive detection of water distribution during soaking and cooking in the common bean.

Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) was used to study water distribution and mobility in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed during soaking at room temperature (20°C) and during the cooking of presoaked and dry bean seed in near-boiling water (98°C). Two complementary MRI methods were used to determine the total water uptake into the seed: the T2-weighted 3D RARE method, which yielded an incr...

Phenotyping common beans for adaptation to drought

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in the New World and are the grain legume of greatest production for direct human consumption. Common bean production is subject to frequent droughts in highland Mexico, in the Pacific coast of Central America, in northeast Brazil, and in eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. This article reviews efforts to improve common bean...

The Einstein-boltzmann Relation for Thermodynamic and Hydrodynamic Fluctu- Ations

When making the connection between the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and the theory of stochastic processes through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, it is necessary to invoke a postulate of the Einstein-Boltzmann type. For convective processes hydrodynamic fluctuations must be included, the velocity is a dynamical variable and although the entropy cannot depend directly on the ve...

Hydrodynamic Modelling of Coral Reefs:Ningaloo Reef-Western Australia

As with all coral reef systems, the ecology of Ningaloo Reef is closely linked to water circulation which transport and disperse key material such as nutrients and larvae. Circulation on coral reefs may be driven by a number of forcing mechanisms including waves, tides, wind, and buoyancy effects. Surface waves interacting with reefs have long been known to dominate the currents on many coral r...

Relationships among the seed yield from small and large plots in common beans